Hunting An Effective Tool For Wildlife Management And...

Hunting not only provides people with healthy organic meat, it is also instrumental in the management and preservation of wildlife not only through the hunting itself, but also by the money generated by hunters that is used for this purpose. Hunting has existed since the dawn of time and continues to play a key role in providing people with the food they need to survive. Hunting plays many important roles in our world and has been a very effective tool for wildlife management and hopefully will continue to be. Hunting plays a vital role in the conservation of wildlife. Many anti-hunters will say it â€Å"damages the environment† and that, â€Å"it does not help wildlife at all†. In reality, without hunting wildlife and the environment would both suffer greatly. This can be clearly seen in the elk population in North America. In 1907 only 41,000 elk remained in North America. Thanks to the money and work invested by hunters to restore and conserve their habitat, over 1 million elk now inhabit North American today. (Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, web) This is proof that what hunters are actually doing is giving the wildlife they pursue more habitat to allow their populations to be more stable. Another way that hunting helps with conservation, is that it generates great deal of income in which a large majority of goes towards land management for the animals. Certain hunts are auctioned off for thousands of dollars, almost all of this money goes towards theShow MoreRelated The Many Benefits of Hunting Essay2174 Words   |  9 Pagesconcerning hunting. To many people, hunting is a cruel and inhuman act. For others, hunting is a sport and a way of life. Is hunting ethical? Should hunting be allowed to continue? First off, what is hunting? According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, hunting is a â€Å"sport that involves the seeking, pursuing, and killing of wild animals and birds, called game and game birds, primarily in modern times with f irearms but also with bow and arrow† (â€Å"hunting†). It is my firm belief that most hunting shouldRead MoreEssay on Biodiversity7414 Words   |  30 Pagesdisappeared, while the rest continue to dwindle. The worth of one rhinoceros horn is $44,000, and the demand remains high in the countries of China, Taiwan, South Korea and in the Middle East. In East Asia, the horns are regarded as powerful medicinal tools, known to cure everything from nosebleeds to food poisoning. In a powdered from, the horn is thought to be a powerful aphrodisiac. Similarly, the animals? genitalia are also considered extremely valuable. Existing rhino populations continueRead MoreConflict between Development and Conservation of Natural Habitats and Biodiversity1727 Words   |  7 Pagesand are a major tool in managing species and ecosystems which provide a range of goods and services essential to sustainable use of natural resources. † (UNEP, 2013), this includes the protection of fauna and also flora. The aim of PA’s is to achieve long term sustainable use of natural resources, ensuring that future generations can benefit from the same resources and environment that we have experienced in our lifetime (UNEP 2013; IUCN 2008). In spite of the exertions of preservation groups to secureRead MoreKenyan Tourism Industry11160 Words   |  45 PagesEcotourism and Sustainable Development in Kenya By Robertson Ndegwa Ngunyi ç ½â€"ä ¼ ¯Ã§â€° ¹ Paper submitted for Ecotourism Final Exam to Sun Yat Sen University, Doctorate in Tourism Management School of Business, Department of Hotel and Tourism Management Professor Liu Yan December, 2009 Keywords: Protected areas, Sustainability, Community Based Tourism, Maasai, Safari 1 Ecotourism and Sustainable Development in Kenya Robertson Ndegwa Ngunyi Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide abridgment of theRead MorePutting an End to Deforestation1941 Words   |  8 Pages it increases the chance of species extinction. This not only negatively affects the biodiversity of the forests but it also affects research in the medical department and people who rely on the animals and plants in the forests for medicine and hunting(Deforestation: Facts, Causes Effects). According to scientists, over 38 species of animals consisting of 10 mammals, 20 bird and eight amphibian species will become extinct in a couple of years later in the Brazilian Amazon (Sample, Amazons DoomedRead MoreEnvironmental Control and Pollution in Nigeria6978 Words   |  28 Pagesoverwhelmed with fearful reports that mankind is steadily working towards self – destruction through the process of uncontrolled pollution of the environment. A casual look at our surroundings shows reckless attitude of people towards environmental preservation. Due to this development, regulations and standards have been set to ensure cleaner and safer environment. These regulations are enforced by agencies like National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Federal EnvironmentalRead MoreEnvironment: Energy Development and Environmental Problems11602 Words   |  47 Pagesdisposal and decommissioning, you need huge subsidies. | Nuclear waste can be safely stored away. The best long-term solution for the disposal of the UK s nuclear waste should be to bury it deep in the ground, The Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM), an advisory group has said. The final disposal facility, or facilities, would be located several hundred metres underground. The waste would be encased in tough materials and would use the surrounding rock as a barrier to prevent radioactiveRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreChallenges for Urban Local Governments in India46115 Words   |  185 Pagesbased on data collected from six urban centres situated in three northern/north-western states (namely Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal) of India on key urban local government characteristics – constitution and governance, duties, composition, management and finance practices, state/local-level initiatives and problems. The findings of this study show that urban local governments in India continue to remain plagued by numerous problems, which affect their performance in the efficient dischargeRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesdifferent sorts of political regimes— communist, capitalist, colonial, and fascist. Particularly revealing are Spodek’s discussions of the influence of prominent urban planners and architects— including Le Corbusier and the Chicago School—urban preservation and the city as the locus of global cultural development, and the ways in which slums and shanty towns have morphed into long-term homes and viable communities for perhaps a majority of urban dwellers worldwide in the last half of the twentieth

Conception of Free Will and the Concept of a Person

Philosopher’s Frankfurt and Sartre both argue about the conception of free will and the concept of a person. Sartre’s main point is on existentialism, the fundamentals of freedom and the responsibilities of our emotions and desires. Frankfurt focuses on the first order and second order desires. Identifying with a desire and externalizing them and taking a stance as an agent, as well as, the importance of morality and self interest. Jean-Paul Sartre is a philosopher who argues about the conception of free will. In order to establish the existence of free will, it would have to be verified whether it exists or not. Sartre asserts that perception is nothingness, and therefore nothingness composes free will. Since, I exist as a human being, it’s reasonable to say that my consciousness exist as well. We are nothing but our choices. Sartre notably says â€Å"existence precedes essence† by this he points out that we produce our essence with our own actions. As human beings we are free to decide and conclude our actions, even though we are defined by them. Consequently, we are accountable for the actions that characterize who we are as a person. We must start with our own experiences of ourselves, and this is what distinguishes us from every other kind of being. In regards to other things, that essence simply defines the existence. Essence classifies the feature of something. Sartre argues if God is nonexistent, there is no human spirit or real meaning. God is the creator of allShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Positive And Negative Freedom1165 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between positive and negative freedom. This topic has been a key division between political and moral philosophers for centuries. Berlin compared and contrasted these two concepts and determined that in his view, negative freedom was â€Å"truer† and more humane than the positive view. Berlin’s concern with the positive conception is that, in his view, it could be used to justify totalitarian governments and extreme laws. He was also suspect of making the distinction between a â€Å"lower† and â€Å"higher† selfRead MoreNeo Liberalism And Its Impact On Society1414 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There is a heated debate on this concept during the past 20 years and is somewhat named as exhortation. Many authors have tried to describe this concept and related it with the spread of capitalism and along with a proactive welfare state. The concept of neo liberalism basically revived from liberalism. By this it can be suggested that liberalism was absent from politics in order to emerge in a new form. Neo liberalism is not basically a distinct ideology and a not properRead More John Rawls and Political Liberalism Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesfundamental question of Political Liberalism: â€Å"How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines?† (Rawls 4). More specifically, how do these concepts help to preserve the traditional liberal values of freedom and equality? And do these concepts help to preserve stability within a pluralistic society? John Rawls book, Political Liberalism, addressesRead MoreWhy You Should Never Read A Theory Of Justice1343 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments about self-interest are â€Å"Egoistic Conceptions† (107). Under the classification of â€Å"Egoistic Conceptions,† models of justice would have the following principles: 1. First-person dictatorship: Everyone is to serve my interests. 2. Free-rider: Everyone is to act justly except for myself if I choose not to. 3. General: Everyone is permitted to advance his interests as he pleases (107). In meticulous detail, Rawls indicates that these â€Å"egoistic conceptions† should not be considered as alternativesRead MoreEssay on Human Cloning and the Value of Human Life1257 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Cloning and the Value of Human Life To recognize the value of human life, from conception until its natural end, is an achievement of civilization to be safeguarded as a primary good of the person and of society. Today, however, in many societies it is not unusual to see a sort of regression of civilization, the result of an incomplete and sometimes distorted conception of human freedom, which often finds public legitimization in the State legal system. That is, it happens that the respectRead MoreAnalysis Of Isaiah Berlin s Two Concepts Of Liberty1642 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Two Concepts of Liberty†, Isaiah Berlin examines two different conceptions of freedom: positive and negative liberty. He begins by discussing negative freedom, which he defines as â€Å"the area within which the subject †¦ is or should be left to do or be what he is able to do or be, without interference by other persons† (169). Under this definition, an individual is not free if he is coerced by another individual from m aking a decision he or she would naturally make. When discussing negative freedomRead MoreA Theory Of Justice By Rawls1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn Rawls’ book titled A Theory of Justice, Rawls aims to develop a theory of justice that brings new ideas and concepts to the traditional doctrines of philosophy. Rawls’ theory, justice as fairness, wishes to take the ideas of traditional social contract theories to a higher level of abstraction. His theory is thoroughly explained through a pre-societal position called the original position, the notion of the veil of ignorance, and the two principles of justice. Rawls starts out by describingRead MorePlatos Views on Life after Death1388 Words   |  6 Pagesdestined to go on somewhere in some state of being. In just what sort of way the soul would endure was a matter of question, in which at various points in his career as a writer Plato offered different accounts. Yet the most consistent part of this conception of the authors was the fact that the soul was everlasting. One of the positive effects of such a belief regarding the soul and its existence after the bodys physical death is that it can serve as motivation to lead a virtuous life. This factRead MoreRousseau, Mill, And Constant Articulated By Unpacking Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesliberty is the freedom to pursue whatever that person wants, while civil liberty is the freedom to pursue the general will. The general will is a key concept in Rousseau s The Social Contract. Rousseau defines the general will as the majority opinion of what is the most beneficial to the common interest without any influence from private interest. The first chapter of The Social Contract, opens with the famous phrase: â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains† (Book II, ChapterRead MoreKant And Locke On Freedom1118 Words   |  5 PagesNAME PROFESSOR NAME CLASS NAME 24 October 2015 Kant and Locke on Freedom The concept of freedom has long been a popular tenet for philosophers to explore. From ancient Greek origins to the present day, many individuals have discussed the importance of freedom and the role it plays within society in an effort to define its relationship to the human condition. Two philosophers that have studied freedom in depth are John Locke and Immanuel Kant. Both philosophers viewed freedom as playing a major role

Friabililty Test of Mefenamic Acid Tablets Free Essays

One of the testing criteria of mechanical strength of tablets tablet friability testing. Tablets must be able to withstand mechanical stresses during their manufacturing, distribution and handling by the end-user. During the process of coating, transportation, packing and processing tablet, tablet will lose some weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Friabililty Test of Mefenamic Acid Tablets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because of that, the friability test is performed in the pharmaceutical industry to test the tendency of a tablet breaking into smaller pieces during transit. It includes repeatedly dropping a sample of tablets over a fixed time by using friability tester and then checking whether any tablets are broken, and calculate the percentage of loss weight of tablets. A good compressed tablet should not loss more than 1% of its weight. Based on this experiment, after the operation ended, the weight loss of tablets is 0. 0395g which is equivalent to 0. 68% loss from its weight. This means, those tablets are good quality and strong tablets which then can endure the stresses. There are maybe some error during handling the experiment that can lead to incorrect results. After operation ended, the tablets are not fully cleaned from dust which is affect the result. When finished, the samples have to be de-dusted first before weigh again. CONCLUSION The percentage loss of weight of samples is 0. 68%. The samples are good quality tablets because the percentage loss of weight are not more than 1%. 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Friability 2. http://www. anabiotec. com/testing/detail/hardness-friability-disintegration How to cite Friabililty Test of Mefenamic Acid Tablets, Papers

Information System Management Case Study of Disk4U

Question: Discuss about theInformation System Management for Case Study of Disk4U. Answer: Introduction The accounting information system is used for the analysis of the accounting data and information of the organization (Azad and Faraj 2013). The organization used for understanding the impact of the accounting information system is Disk4U. The report has shown that the accounting information system helps in providing and facilitating the accounts and finance related operations and processes. It has been highlighted in the report that accounting information system consists of number of processes and planning for forming the acute information management system for the accounting operations. Overview of the Organization Disk4U is a Sydney based organization that is committed for selling and marketing compact disks and records. The products for sale at Disk4U are sold at their outlets and stores. The customers can go to their stores and buy the records and CDs they want. The business processing is done using the manual or physical means. It means traditional way of sale is followed at Disk4U. The case study requires making a report for implementing the information system framework at the organization for their accounting and reporting activities. Traditional Business Process at Disk4U The business activities followed at Disk4U is traditional method of business operations. The stores act as the centre for the point of sale and the customers may or may not have to be physically present at the shop for buying the products. The traditional method used by Disk4U can be classified into two subcategories business to customers (B2C) and business to business (B2B). Both the methodology has resulted in the load of the business processing and management of huge number of transactions. B2C Operations at Disk4U The customers can go to the store for buying the products they want to buy. They can mail or call or use eBay for buying the products of Disk4U. It has eased the buying of commodities for the customers (Stair and Reynolds 2013). They do not have to take the pain of going to the shop for buying anything from the store. The accounting and sales invoice system is manual at Disk4U. The cashier has to maintain the records for the accounts department. B2B operations at Disk4U Other business shops such as small CD stores and record centers can also buy from the shop. The process is same as in the customers process of buying the products (Ismail and King 2014). The online sale at eBay has helped Disk4U for gaining more commercial orders. Need of Accounting Information System at Disk4U The manual accounting system had been followed at Disk4U for their accounts and finance management system. The introduction of eBay for selling purpose has resulted in increasing the number of overall sales from both B2B and B2C operations (Stair and Reynolds 2013). Hence, it has resulted in the increase in the number of the accounting data and information. The company has understood the importance of the accounting information system for their business operations. The accounting software would help in forming strategies for the management of huge amount of accounting information system. Evaluation of the Business Requirements at Disk4U Storage of the data and records: The information and data generated at Disk4U with the impact of the information technology has increased for the overall transactions of business activities (Herrera and Sanz 2015). The records would have to be maintained for all types of the transactional activities such as purchase, sales, bank related data, taxation information, and loan statements. These are the crucial information stored for managing the input transactions in the databases (Ismail and King 2014). The information system comport would made the storage of the information system effective and leveling the employees record. The authorization would enable the use of the applications for the data management. Inventory management: The information system would facilitate the management of the inventory items (Ward and Peppard 2016). The stocks present at Disk4U are huge in numbers and their management is a major feat. The stock could be managed easily by implementing the information system. The process of inventory management can be done maintaining the database of the in and put stocks for the organization. It would ease the process of finding the stock when needed (De Luca Taylor and Prigmore 2014). The inventory of the stock is a database in which the information about the stocks like batch number, date of purchase, quantity, and item name is stored. Easy invoice: The invoice creation and maintenance can be eased by the use of the information system (Onaolapo and Odetayo 2012). The key to the management of invoices is the invoice database system. The data of the financial transactions must be put into the information system is a systematic and appropriate manner. The invoice system can be helpful for completing the composition of the data that are required for taping the invoice information system. Expertise in accounting: The process of keeping the accounts maintained abiding the rules of accountancy is termed as Bookkeeping (Niu et al. 2014). The company had to use the software program for keeping their accounts information and data with proper following of the accountancy over the information system. The necessity of keeping the information system intact with the accounting principles can be fulfilled by employing someone with expert idea of the accountancy. Evaluating the Requirements of Accounting System The requirements of the accounting information system can be classified into two types, operational and non-operational requirements. Operational Requirements of the Accounting Information System The operational requirements of accounting information system consist of record storage, reporting of the business activities, and management of the information. Records storage: The record storage requirements of the accounting information system of Disk4U are the need for storing huge amount of accounting information and data within the information system (Onaolapo and Odetayo 2012). The organization has seen an advert increase in the information flow of the accounts related and financing information system. It is important for implementing the information system for managing the data storage. The information stored over the system would be helpful for Disk4U in decision making and forming strategies (Niu et al. 2014). The framework for the accounting information system would be helpful for recording the accounting information system of the Disk4U. Report the business activities: the communication plays an important role in management and development of business operations (De Luca Taylor and Prigmore 2014). The staffs at Disk4U would communicate about the managerial activities and operations using the information system established. The system would be capable for managing the communication in between various stakeholders and the managers of Disk4U. Management of the information: The management of the information system would largely be beneficial for the activities of Disk4U. The information stored over the information system would help in meeting the legal and regulatory needs of the operations (Randell et al. 2014). The framework for the accounting information system would adapt the information and data while abiding the accountancy and bookkeeping rules and regulations. Non-Operational Requirements of the Accounting Information System The non-operational requirements of the accounting information system are security, presentation, and dependability (Rouhani Ghazanfari and Jafari 2012). The security is the most important non-operational requirement of the accounting information system. The information stored over the system of Disk4U must be kept secured from any external threats. The presentation of the information database is crucial for sourcing the information at the time of need (Boillat and Legner 2013). Dependability means the information are accurate and they are complete for managing the processes of the Disk4U. Selection of the Software for Accounting Information System Disk4U had not yet installed any accounting information system in their business processes. However, there has been need for implementing it with the growth of the business and increase in the information volume. Some points ought to be kept in mind while selecting the accounting information system. Data collection and management is the primary motive of the information system (Taubenberger et al. 2013) The framework must abide the administration and policies of the accounting principles. Disk4U ought to get the right amount of data and information from the information system Book keeping and accounting operations must be kept in sync with the information system (Boillat and Legner 2013) The budget kept for the accounting information system is $150,000. Selection of the Vendor MYOB is the most suitable accounting application that can be used for the accounting information system of Disk4U. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that accounting information system is very useful for the operations of business organization. Disk4U has been facing some issues because of the lack of information system for their business operations. However the implementation of the accounting information system would help in solving the issues of information management. The advancement of the technological development had helped in implementation of the accounting software at Disk4U. MYOB can be used for managing and storing the information and data about the accounting operations. It would help in reporting and inventory management of Disk4U. References Azad, B. and Faraj, S., 2013. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14, pp.120-126. Boillat, T. and Legner, C., 2013. From on-premise software to cloud services: the impact of cloud computing on enterprise software vendors' business models.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,8(3), pp.39-58. De Luca, D., Taylor, R. and Prigmore, M., 2014. Rules of engagement: understanding the dynamics of social enterprise and business requirements on academic collaboration. Herrera, G.Y.L. and Sanz, J.C.J., 2015. Best practices for requirements identification, specification, and validation to guide software implementation and maintenance processes for applications in an electricity supply company.Sistemas y Telemtica,13(35), pp.53-76. Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.1-20. Niu, N., Da Xu, L., Cheng, J.R.C. and Niu, Z., 2014. Analysis of architecturally significant requirements for enterprise systems.IEEE Systems Journal,8(3), pp.850-857. Onaolapo, A.A. and Odetayo, T.A., 2012. Effect of Accounting Information System on Organisational Effectiveness: A Case Study of Selected Construction Companies in Ibadan, Nigeria.American Journal of Business and Management,1(4), pp.183-189. Randell, A., Spellman, E., Ulrich, W. and Wallk, J., 2014. Leveraging Business Architecture to Improve Business Requirements Analysis.Business Architecture Guild Whitepaper. Rouhani, S., Ghazanfari, M. and Jafari, M., 2012. Evaluation model of business intelligence for enterprise systems using fuzzy TOPSIS.Expert Systems with Applications,39(3), pp.3764-3771. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G., 2013.Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning. Taubenberger, S., Jurjens, J., Yu, Y. and Nuseibeh, B., 2013. Resolving vulnerability identification errors using security requirements on business process models.Information Management Computer Security,21(3), pp.202-223. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

The Jungle and Fast Food Nation

Table of Contents Introduction Accomplishments Message Delivery Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The Jungle was a literary novel written by Upton Sinclair to expose the plight of American immigrants and the rot of corruption that went on in the American meatpacking sector (Sinclair 1). Fast Food nation on the other hand, was written by Eric Schlosser to explain the influence of the American fast food industry in the world market (Schlosser 1). The Jungle was written in a fictional setup which reflected the industrial revolution period of America and Fast food nation is no different because it was also written in a fictional setting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Jungle and Fast Food Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fast Food Nation was a controversial book when it was published and its fortunes have not changed with its recent publication in 2005. The controversy can be attributed to the fact that, the world still holds very diverse views regarding nutrition, food, production, environment, animal rights and all similar issues highlighted in the book (Kuhl 2). Part of the controversy was also attributed to claims that, Eric Schlosser was trying to advance the opinion that, all engaged in the business of Hamburger production and beef production did not have peoples’ interest at heart. The Jungle also had its fair share of controversy because it exposed the unsanitary practices which went on in some of Chicago’s meatpacking industry; thereby rubbing all stakeholders explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the novel the wrong way. Though the books were published at different times, a lot of comparisons have been made between the two publications and consequently, a lot of similarities and differences arise as a result. However, this study establishes that the two books have very little in common. Objectives The intentions of Eric Schlosser in writing Fast food Na tion cannot be equated to the intention of Upton Sinclair in writing The Jungle. Though both books talk about the food industry and the ills that plague it, it is important to establish that, Eric Schlosser’s aim of writing Fast Food Nation was to make the public know the problems that plague the American fast food industry and more so, to expose the dishonest practices of managers operating in the sector (Mcconnell 1). However, Upton Sinclair’s intention of writing the Jungle was not to expose the ills that plagued the meat industry or food industry, but rather, to expose the plight of American immigrants working in America’s industries.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact can be exposed from the observation that, through Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser is seen to focus on the ills that plague the meat industry but in the jungle, only a few pa ges are dedicated to exposing the ills of the meat industry (Sinclair 2). This observation can be traced to comments made by some observers that the jungle did not achieve its main objective which was to sensitize the American public about the plight of the American public because the public was more focused on the corruption that went on in the American meat industry. This observation is affirmed by Mcconnell who states that: â€Å"The impact of those stomach churning descriptions on readers sadly caused his true intention to be lost, as American’s demanded something be done about what they were eating. Overtime, Sinclair’s novel came to be described as one about the Chicago meatpacking industry, likely by those who have never read the complete text† (Mcconnell 6). The focus on the plight of American immigrants in the Jungle can be further emphasized from the focus on the life of Jurgis Rudkus who was an American immigrant. The book focuses not only on his life working in the American meat industry but also on his life as a union leader and a miller (Sinclair 12). The focus of the book (The Jungle) is therefore centered on the treatment America gave Jurgis Rudkus as he tried to make a living and fend for his family. The Jungle also focuses on the shortcomings of the American immigration and labor laws and how they were used by several technocrats to trample over the rights of the immigrants because they viewed them as expendable. Upton Sinclair gives a thorough insight into the life of an American immigrant by giving repeated accounts of the plight of Jurgis Rudkus and how he struggled to walk in the snow with nothing more than socks on his feet. He also gives an account of how immigrants lived in old houses and got taken advantage of by ruthless landlords who felt no sympathy for their plight. More accounts of the suffering immigrant children had to go through (like prostituting to put food on the table) are given in the book (Sinclair 2 2). The author further focuses on the plight of Jurgis Rudkus and how he lost his family and more especially, his wife, to a rogue public official who never granted her maternity leave which caused her death because she suffered complications from her pregnancy. These events show the author’s focus on the plight of immigrants as opposed to the intrigues of the American meat industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Jungle and Fast Food Nation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accomplishments From the differences exposed between the aim of writing Fast food Nation and The Jungle, we see that, both books are very different from each other. Despite the fact that, the authors of both books were great scholars and revolutionists of their time, it is incorrect to compare the two books because they are completely different from each other. Both authors also have a different sense of accomplishment in deliveri ng their points to their target audience and frankly, Eric Schlosser does a better job at communicating with his audience when compared to Upton Sinclair (Graydyl 2). Eric Schlosser seems to have a better understanding of his facts and he seems to better understand how the capitalistic and socialist systems work. For instance from his deep understanding of capitalism, Eric Schlosser identifies that, it is difficult to change the status quo prevailing in the fast food industry but more specifically, he acknowledges that it is difficult to change the fast food culture itself (Graydyl 2). On the other hand, the Jungle seems to explore only what is wrong with capitalism and suggest socialism as the better alternative. For instance, Upton Sinclair states that â€Å"Socialism was simply a necessary step towards a far-distant goal, a step to be tolerated with Impatience† (Sinclair 337). Such statements are made in an abstract manner without concrete proof. Eric Schlosser’s au thority in writing is well framed than Upton Sinclair’s and this is why The Jungle was misunderstood to talk about the ills that plagued the American meat industry as opposed to the ills that plagued American Immigrant workers. Message Delivery Fast Food Nation also seems to be more logically structured than the jungle because Fast Food Nation is written to appeal to the general American population but the jungle is written to relate to only a section of the American public (immigrant workers and the working class). Fast Food Nation is also written from an informed point of view with correct utilization of facts and personal experiences to back up the same facts. Most importantly, Eric Schlosser shows how the information advanced in his book can be utilized in the real life. The Jungle uses a reverse approach, in the sense that, it tries to appeal to the emotional side of human beings by justifying its emotional appeal through logic and reason (an approach which often does no t work) (Graydyl 2). This is true because advancing facts via emotions is an abstract method of understanding, and it may fail to hold true in the minds of readers (once the emotion disappears). However, advancing facts through logic and reason is a guaranteed way of making people understand what one has to say and advancing emotions to supplement the fact is bound to make the information advanced even more effective. Furthermore, considering the fact that, The Jungle is based on a fictional setup, it becomes difficult for the audience to differentiate facts from fiction.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The Jungle and Fast Food Nation are very different books which were written to advance different concepts. This study establishes that, Fast Food Nation was written to expose the ills that plagued the American Fast food industry but the Jungle was written to expose the plight American Immigrant workers faced when they worked in American industries. From this point of view alone, it becomes difficult to compare the two books because they were written with different objectives in mind. Moreover, this study establishes that, the two books do not share much commonality because the authors adopted different concepts of analysis in their writing. Fast Food Nation was written to appeal to the logic and reason of its target readers while The Jungle was write to appeal to the emotions of its readers. From this understanding, it becomes clear that, Fast food nation had a stronger impact of comprehension when compared to The Jungle because the major points advanced sunk in. However, The Jungle failed to communicate its true objectives because of the ambiguities evidenced in its communication strategies. Due to these differences, this study establishes that, comparing The Jungle and Fast food Nation is a misguided concept because the books are totally different from each other. Works Cited Graydyl. Literary Analysis: Comparing Upton Sinclair’s the Jungle with Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation. 2011. Web. Kuhl, Ken. Fast Food Nation and the Jungle. July. 2006. Web. Mcconnell, Rita. Literary Analysis: Comparing Upton Sinclair’s the Jungle with Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation. 2011. Web. Schlosser. Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001. Print. Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Forgotten Books, 1942. Print. 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Petroleum and Middle Indus Basin Essay Example

Petroleum and Middle Indus Basin Essay Example Petroleum and Middle Indus Basin Essay Petroleum and Middle Indus Basin Essay Kohat-Potwar Oil and Gas Exploration and Production The first oil well drilled in present-day Pakistan was at Kundal on the Potwar Plateau in 1866. The first commercial oil discovery was made in the Greater Indus Basin in 1914 when the Attock Oil Company completed a 214 ft well on a thrust-faulted anticline near Khaur on the Potwar Plateau (Khan and others, 1986). Early success in the Kohat-Potwar geologic province served to focus much of the early exploration activity in that area. The Sui field in the Sulaiman-Kirthar Foreland geologic province was the first discovery outside of the Kohat-Potwar geologic province and is the largest gas discovery in Pakistan, with more than 5 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas reserves. Discovered in 1952, the Sui field is a dome-shaped reef structure with an anticlinal surface expression. The largest reserves were found in the 625 m thick Eocene Sui Formation Sui Main Limestone Member. The Sui Upper Limestone Member and upper Eocene Habib Rahi Limestone were also productive. In 1999, Upper Cretaceous Pab Sandstone Formation gas production began at Sui field. Although exploratory wells had been previously drilled in the Middle and Lower Indus Basins, the discovery of the Sui field accelerated exploration efforts in the 1950s. More discoveries followed in that area with the Zin gas field in 1954, the Uch gas field in 1955, and the Mari gas field in 1957. Exploration activity increased again in the 1980s, when identification of a tilted fault block in the Lower Indus Basin led to the discovery of a series of oil fields. Although there have been significant oil discoveries in the Lower Indus Basin, it remains a gas-prone province. Gas discoveries that are attributed to the Sembar-Goru/Ghazij TPS have been made in Eocene, Paleocene, and Lower Cretaceous rocks on the Mari-Kandhot High in the Rajasthan Province of India. The Cambrian oil discoveries in Rajasthan, however, are beyond the extent of Sembar deposition and are either sourced by updip hydrocarbon migration from the Sembar or more likely by proximal older Mesozoic and early Paleozoic rocks. Sembar-Goru/Ghazij Composite Total Petroleum System The Sembar-Goru/Ghazij Composite Total Petroleum System (TPS) as defined for this assessment, is a north-south elongated area extending from the Potwar-Kohat geologic province in the north to the 2,000 m bathymetric contour in the Arabian Sea . The west boundary coincides with the axial belt and western edge of the Indian plate and the eastern boundary extends into India on the Indian Shield . Geochemical analyses of potential source rocks and produced oil and gas have demonstrated that the Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation is the most likely source of oil and gas for most of the producing fields in the Indus Basin. Source Rocks While the Sembar has been identified as the primary source rock for much of the Greater Indus Basin, there are other known and potential source rocks. Rock units containing known or potential source rocks include the Salt Range Formation Eocambrian shales, Permian Dandot and Tredian Formations, Triassic Wulgai Formation, Jurassic Datta Formation, Paleocene Patala Formation, Eocene Ghazij Formation, and lower Miocene shales. Of all the possible source rocks in the Indus Basin, however, the Sembar is the most likely source for the largest portion of the produced oil and gas in the Indus foreland. In the Kohat-Potwar geologic province the Paleocene Patala Shale is the primary source rock for most, if not all of the province. In the offshore areas of the Indus geologic province, Miocene rocks are postulated to be good hydrocarbon sources, with the Sembar contributing in the shelf area. The Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation consists mainly of shale with subordinate amounts of siltstone and sandstone. The Sembar was deposited over most of the Greater Indus Basin in marine environments and ranges in thickness from 0 to more than 260 m (Iqbal and Shah, 1980). Rock-eval pyrolysis analyses of 10 samples from the Jandran-1 well in the Sulaiman Range of the foldbelt, indicate an   most likely prove to be gas prone. verage total organic carbon content (TOC) of 1. 10 percent. The TOC values from the Sembar in two Badin area wells in the foreland portion of the Lower Indus Basin have TOC’s ranging from 0. 5 to 3. 5 percent and averaging about 1. 4 percent. A cross-plot of pyrolysis data on a modified van-Kreveln diagram study indicates that the organic matter in the Sembar is mainly type-III kerogen, capabl e of generating gas; however, additional proprietary data indicate the presence of type-II kerogen as well as type-III kerogen. With respect to the oil window (0. 6 1. 3 percent vitrinite reflectance), the Sembar ranges from thermally immature to over mature . The Sembar is more thermally mature in the western, more deeply buried part of the shelf and becomes shallower and less mature toward the eastern edge of the Indus Basin   Conclusive geochemical data supporting a Sembar source for most of the produced oil and gas in the Indus Basin are lacking; however, limited available geochemical and thermal data favor a Sembar source. To date, the only oil-productive regions in the Greater Indus Basin are the Potwar Plateau in the north and the Badin area in the Lower Indus Basin. Cross-plots of the carbon isotope ratios and the isoprenoid ratios of produced oils in these two regions are distinctly different , indicating two different source rocks. Gas content varies throughout the basin with CO2 ranging from lt; 1 percent to gt;70 percent, nitrogen lt; 1 percent to gt; 80 percent, and H2S lt; 0. percent to gt; 13 percent (IHS Energy Group, 2001). Reservoirs Productive reservoirs in the Sembar-Goru/Ghazij Composite TPS include the Cambrian Jodhpur Formation; Jurassic Chiltan, Samana Suk, and Shinawari Formations; Cretaceous Sembar, Goru, Lumshiwal, Moghal Kot, Parh, and Pab Formations; Paleocene Dungan Formation and Ranikot Group; and the Eocene Sui, Kirthar, Sakesar, Bandah, Khuiala, Nammal, and Ghazij Formations . The principal reservoirs are deltaic and shallow-marine sandstones in the lower part of the Goru in the Lower Indus Basin and the Lumshiwal Formation in the Middle Indus Basin and limestones in the Eocene Ghazij and equivalent stratigraphic units . Potential reservoirs are as thick as 400 m. Sandstone porosities are as high as 30 percent, but more commonly range from about 12 to 16 percent; and limestone porosities range from 9 to 16 percent. The permeability of these reservoirs ranges from 1 to gt; 2,000 milidarcies (md). Reservoir quality generally diminishes in a westward direction but reservoir thickness increases. Because of the progressive eastward erosion and truncation of Cretaceous rocks, the Cretaceous reservoirs all have erosional updip limits, whereas Tertiary reservoirs extend farther east overlying progressively older rocks. Traps All production in the Indus Basin is from structural traps. No stratigraphic accumulations have been identified, although the giant Sui gas field is a dome-shaped reef structure (possibly an algal mound) expressed on the surface as an anticline. The variety of structural traps includes anticlines, thrust-faulted anticlines, and tilted fault blocks. The anticlines and thrusted anticlines occur in the foreland portions of the Greater Indus Basin as a consequence of compression related to collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. The tilted fault traps in the Lower Indus Basin are a product of extension related to rifting and the formation of horst and graben structures. The temporal relationships among trap formation and hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, migration, and entrapment are variable throughout the Greater Indus Basin. In the foreland portion, formation of structural traps pre-date hydrocarbon generation, especially in the Lower Indus Basin. In the Middle and Upper Indus Basins, traps may also have formed prior to hydrocarbon generation, although the temporal relationships between trap formation and hydrocarbon generation are not as distinct as in the Lower Indus Basin. The structural deformation in the foldbelt region is generally contemporaneous with hydrocarbon generation, suggesting that some of the hydrocarbons generated from the Sembar probably leaked to the surface prior to trap formation. Burial history reconstructions based on data from the Sakhi-Sarwar no. 1 well , located in the foreland part of the Middle Indus Basin, and the Shahdapur no. 1 well, located in the foreland part of Lower Indus Basin, indicate that hydrocarbon generation began 40 and 65 Ma, respectively . The main differences in the hydrocarbon generation times between these wells are due to large differences in the thermal gradients; the present-day thermal gradient in the Sakhi-Sarwar well is 2. 6 °C/km as opposed to 3. 3 °C/km in the Shahdapur well. We interpret the critical moments for these wells at about 15 and 50 Ma, respectively. Based on these reconstructions, trap formation may have postdated the start of hydrocarbon generation in the foreland portion of the Indus Basin. Seals The known seals in the system are composed of shales that are interbedded with and overlying the reservoirs. In producing fields, thin shale beds of variable thickness are effective seals. Additional seals that may be effective include impermeable seals above truncation traps, faults, and updip facies changes. Overburden Rock The rocks overlying the Sembar are composed of sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, and conglomerate. The maximum thickness of these overlying rocks is estimated to be as much as 8,500 m in the Sulaiman foredeep area . In the foredeep areas immediately adjacent to the front of the foldbelt parts of the Indus Basin, the overburden thickness ranges from 2,500 m to 6,000 m. East of the foredeep, overburden rocks thin as Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks are progressively truncated.

Discourse on the Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discourse on the Method - Essay Example Rene Descartes was a Frenchman who was born to a wealthy family in Touraine in 1596 CITATION Des08 \l 1033 . Faithful to the characteristics of a true Renaissance man, Descartes was knowledgeable and able in the academic fields of mathematics and philosophy, and in the worldly caprices of gambling and adventure. His financial stability afforded him the opportunity to fully concentrate on philosophical meditation and mathematical quest. In 1637, he published â€Å"Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences,† or more concisely known as â€Å"Discourse on the Method,† a philosophical and autobiographical treatise CITATION Des08 \l 1033 . From a first person point of view and providing personal experiences from his own ventures, Rene Descartes provides a self-proclaimed effective method of intellectual development in â€Å"Discourse on the Method.† The lengthy treatise is divided into six parts, each focusing on a particular aspect of Descartes’s philosophical path. In Descartes’s own words, the Discourse is divided as such CITATION Des08 \l 1033 : â€Å"in the first, will be found various considerations touching the Sciences; in the second, the principal rules of the Method which the Author has discovered, in the third, certain of the rules of Morals which he has deduced from this Method; in the fourth, the reasonings by which he establishes the existence of God and of the Human Soul, which are the foundations of his Metaphysic; in the fifth, the order of the Physical questions which he has investigated, and, in particular, the explication of the motion of the heart and of some other difficulties pertaining to Medicine, as also the difference between the soul of man and that of the brutes; and, in the last, what the Author believes to be required in order to greater advancement in the investigation of Nature than has yet been made, with the reasons that have